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    <p>Thanks Jyotsna, and also Guru for including this in the
      consolidated note. Can you please put me in touch with the Ranchi
      friends mentioned in point 2?</p>
    <p>Jean<br>
    </p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 22-08-2021 10:05, Jyotsna Jha wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CADQV13MejR9g5_MjVv97tp6JL6TC8f=tkCnhiaaHEwc9dXxSjQ@mail.gmail.com">
      <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      <div dir="ltr">Hi Jean, 
        <div>I can see that we all have different and at times also
          contrary suggestions. </div>
        <div>Yet, can help suggesting a few - I am sure you would
          discern and decide: I think you should ask for some quick
          decisions that are also easier to implement followed by some
          modified approaches for being more supportive to children. I
          have five suggestions:</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>1. I am a votary for a Zero Year or a Bonus Year for all
          primary kids, especially in states like Jharkhand and Bihar.
          In the lifetime, one year is nothing but if pushed to higher
          grades without knowing nothing, it would lead to much higher
          dropouts. </div>
        <div>2. A curriculum-approach replanning with support of local
          (there are some in Ranchi who understand these well) and some
          external people, focusing on key and supportive concepts - I
          know that MP is making some such initiative. Different from
          bridging in the sense that it also takes note of already
          prevailing learning gaps and also structural aspects. </div>
        <div>3. Training teachers on this new approach and also
          extensively on equity and learning issues making them able to
          have a differential approach and not treating all children the
          same. It may also mean individual testing (as Sajitha is
          suggesting) to know about each one of them - but much better
          to equip teachers to do that rather than organising large
          scale ones. It must include orienting them on socio-emotional
          support and the importance of maintaining links with
          children/parents during such breaks.</div>
        <div>4. Preparing teachers/schools/system for future sudden such
          occurrences (third wave?). For instance, many schools
          don't have all children's addresses with landmarks, phone
          numbers (family or neighbour), closest literate person's phone
          number/address. We found that to be a major constraint that
          teachers faced when it came to getting in touch with students
          and families. Record collection may have happened but the
          school does not have these in many cases. </div>
        <div>5. Textbooks (plus additional learning materials) and Meals
          to be non-negotiable - the system must assess the current
          practices and assure the availability of these two. </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Regards,</div>
        <div>Jyotsna</div>
      </div>
      <br>
      <div class="gmail_quote">
        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 9:20
          AM Sajitha Bashir <<a
            href="mailto:sajitha.bashir@gmail.com"
            moz-do-not-send="true">sajitha.bashir@gmail.com</a>>
          wrote:<br>
        </div>
        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
          0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
          <div dir="ltr">Studies from the US show that it takes several
            years for students who are below grade level to "catch up"
            to grade level ; one study I saw indicates that only 4 %
            catch up in two years !  (This is pre-pandemic).  In
            general, younger children, and students who are not
            independent learners take longer.   So this cannot be a
            one-time effort, it could take a few years.  In other words,
            think of what you have to do consistently for several years
            (which may , if done well, actually introduce some much
            needed changes in the education system).  That is the first
            point that I would make.  
            <div>The education support group of the coalition is
              preparing draft guidelines/ principles . At this stage, a
              few other points that could be put forward</div>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>- children need to be assessed individually (not just
              on academic subjects); sample based assessments and tests
              give us an idea of the scale of the problem, but do not
              indicate what needs to be done in each school. These have
              to be administered by teachers, but there must be some
              quality checks and protocols, and consistent analysis of
              data, to help develop school plans.   [ Also, children
              would also have learnt new skills and resilience during
              this time, and it is important to build on this]</div>
            <div>- extend the time for learning (eg weekends, holidays
              etc).  This obviously has to be negotiated with teachers
              or other organizations have to be brought in.</div>
            <div>- mixed age groups / classes in smaller groups - eg you
              can teach literacy skills to some students in classes 1-3
              together, if some grade 2-3 students have lost literacy
              skills.  This becomes more difficult at higher levels, but
              solutions can be found.</div>
            <div>- focus on core subjects initially - language,
              mathematics; and socio-emotional</div>
            <div>- tailored training for teachers to understand and take
              up new methods, and regular support provided to them</div>
            <div>- additional instructional materials for the above  (ie
              the textbooks usually cannot be used; but additional
              instructional materials are not difficult to develop and
              need not take time)</div>
            <div>- a clear instructional plan developed by each school (
              schools will need support for this)</div>
            <div>- detailed district or block level planning and
              monitoring to support each school; </div>
            <div>- meaningful and sensitive communication with parents
              on a regular basis.</div>
            <div>- more public funding to support all of above; one
              can't tackle the crisis meaningfully with the existing
              level of resources</div>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div> </div>
            <div> </div>
          </div>
          <br>
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Aug 21, 2021 at
              9:56 PM Jean Dreze <<a
                href="mailto:jaandaraz@riseup.net" target="_blank"
                moz-do-not-send="true">jaandaraz@riseup.net</a>>
              wrote:<br>
            </div>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
              0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
              rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
              <div>
                <p>We are meeting the Education Secretary in Jharkhand
                  tomorrow. If you have any suggestions, or any
                  ready-made material that might be useful to him,
                  please let me know.</p>
                <p>Jean<br>
                </p>
                <div>On 22-08-2021 07:12, Rishikesh wrote:<br>
                </div>
                <blockquote type="cite">
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal">That is right. The gap that has
                      occurred over the 16+ months is so huge and as
                      Jean says it is over the gap that already existed!
                      If we are to do anything meaningful, we will need
                      a lot of time with the children to even get them
                      to where they were before the lockdown.</p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal">I guess all will agree with it
                      too. But the challenge is in coming up with the
                      appropriate approach with a suitable curriculum,
                      material, pedagogy, capacity building to use them
                      & so on… we will have to start working with
                      State Govt’s to actionize this. </p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    <div>
                      <div
style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt
                        solid rgb(225,225,225);padding:3pt 0in 0in">
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Jean Dreze <a
                            href="mailto:jaandaraz@riseup.net"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><jaandaraz@riseup.net></a>
                          <br>
                          <b>Sent:</b> Saturday, August 21, 2021 8:09 PM<br>
                          <b>To:</b> Niranjanaradhya.V.P Aradhya <a
                            href="mailto:aradhyaniranjan@hotmail.com"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><aradhyaniranjan@hotmail.com></a>;
                          Guru <a href="mailto:Guru@ITforChange.net"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><Guru@ITforChange.net></a><br>
                          <b>Cc:</b> Sajitha Bashir <a
                            href="mailto:sajitha.bashir@gmail.com"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><sajitha.bashir@gmail.com></a>;
                          <a href="mailto:mehendalearchana@gmail.com"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">mehendalearchana@gmail.com</a>;
                          <a
                            href="mailto:research@educationemergency.net"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">research@educationemergency.net</a>;
                          Rishikesh <a
                            href="mailto:rishikesh@apu.edu.in"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><rishikesh@apu.edu.in></a><br>
                          <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Research] posters</p>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                    <p>It seems to me that the "bridge", however
                      designed, will have to extend to March 2023, not
                      2022. Because the "gap", for children who've been
                      left out all this time, is not just one-and-a-half
                      years (since lockdown began); it's one-and-a-half
                      years + what they forgot of what they had learnt +
                      whatever gap was already there before the lockdown
                      began. I don't see a 3-month bridge course filling
                      that gap.</p>
                    <p> </p>
                    <p>Jean</p>
                    <p> </p>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal">On 21-08-2021 19:51,
                        Niranjanaradhya.V.P Aradhya wrote:</p>
                    </div>
                    <blockquote style="margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt">
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;color:black">Hi Jean
                            and friends </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;color:black"> </span><span
                            style="color:black"></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;color:black">You have
                            raised an important issue. Since March 24<sup>th</sup>
                            to till date nothing much happened to
                            children who are in lower classes.
                            Therefore, I propose the following.  </span><span
                            style="color:black"></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;color:black">The
                            children who joined class 1 in 2020-21 can
                            be combined with the children who are
                            joining class 1 in 2021-22 since there
                            levels of learning are one and the same.
                            These children will undergo accelerated
                            learning programme to learn basic things
                            appropriate to their age and grade in a
                            combined manner to benefit both the age
                            groups and grades in 2021-22 for 200 hundred
                            learning days as indicated by RTE Act.
                            During this period, teachers with special
                            curriculum and methods help these children
                            master the competencies otherwise they would
                            have mastered in class 1 and two
                            respectively. At the end of 2022 academic
                            year , a special programme for children who
                            got admitted to class 1 in 2020-21 ( though
                            they have not attended school)  can be
                            designed with special curriculum to prepare
                            them for class 3, so that we can avoid loss
                            of one year for no fault of them.   </span><span
                            style="color:black"></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;color:black"> </span><span
                            style="color:black"></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;color:black">In the
                            meal for all other grades from 2 to 10, the
                            first 3 months should be devoted to
                            well-structured bridge course with a
                            specially designed curriculum to get
                            familiar with age wise- grade wise
                            competencies before we start curriculum
                            transaction  </span><span
                            style="color:black"></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;color:black"> </span><span
                            style="color:black"></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;color:black">Otherwise,
                            the loss is for marginalized children who
                            are first- or second-generation learners.
                            Therefore, while talking on behalf them and
                            demanding any solution needs a fair
                            understanding and all benefit should be
                            given to children. The decision also should
                            be in the best interest of the children.  </span><span
                            style="color:black"></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;color:black"> </span><span
                            style="color:black"></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;color:black">Niranjan
                             </span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;color:black"> </span><span
                            style="color:black"></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;color:black"> </span><span
                            style="color:black"></span></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                        </div>
                        <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center"
                          align="center">
                          <hr width="98%" size="2" align="center"></div>
                        <div
                          id="gmail-m_-1970655996329404840gmail-m_265165389183865879divRplyFwdMsg">
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                style="color:black">From:</span></b><span
                              style="color:black"> Jean Dreze <a
                                href="mailto:jaandaraz@riseup.net"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><jaandaraz@riseup.net></a><br>
                              <b>Sent:</b> 21 August 2021 1:20 AM<br>
                              <b>To:</b> Guru <a
                                href="mailto:Guru@ITforChange.net"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><Guru@ITforChange.net></a><br>
                              <b>Cc:</b> niranjan aradhya <a
                                href="mailto:aradhyaniranjan@hotmail.com"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><aradhyaniranjan@hotmail.com></a>;
                              Sajitha Bashir <a
                                href="mailto:sajitha.bashir@gmail.com"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><sajitha.bashir@gmail.com></a>;
                              <a
                                href="mailto:mehendalearchana@gmail.com"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">mehendalearchana@gmail.com</a>
                              <a
                                href="mailto:mehendalearchana@gmail.com"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><mehendalearchana@gmail.com></a>;
                              <a
                                href="mailto:research@educationemergency.net"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">research@educationemergency.net</a>
                              <a
                                href="mailto:research@educationemergency.net"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><research@educationemergency.net></a>;
                              Rishikesh <a
                                href="mailto:rishikesh@apu.edu.in"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><rishikesh@apu.edu.in></a><br>
                              <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Research] posters</span>
                          </p>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p>Dear Guru and friends,</p>
                          <p>I am still tied up with the field survey,
                            but doing my best to keep up in the between
                            with all the useful material you are
                            circulating.</p>
                          <p>The survey findings are alarming (no
                            surprise here). In Latehar district, in 5
                            SC/ST hamlets, we found that 75% of children
                            were unable to read a single word.
                            Meanwhile, the schools are falling apart.</p>
                          <p>I wonder what the "line" is on automatic
                            promotion. Once again it seems to suit
                            privileged children, who are more or less on
                            track, but it is the kiss of educational
                            death for other children. How can children
                            who were enrolled in Class 1 last year, and
                            have never been to school or learnt the
                            alphabet, be in Class 2 now (Class 3 in a
                            few months), where they are given English
                            textbooks (in Jharkhand)? Is there not a
                            case for a "bonus year" when all children
                            are helped to recover instead of sorting the
                            winners and losers yet again? Just curious -
                            I am sure that you have discussed this.</p>
                          <p>I am not clear whether <a
                              href="mailto:research@educationemergency.net"
                              target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">"research@educationemergency.net"</a>
                            is a kind of collective address so I am
                            CC-ing a few at random!</p>
                          <p>Best,</p>
                          <p>Jean</p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal">On 10-08-2021 11:05,
                              Guru wrote:</p>
                          </div>
                          <blockquote
                            style="margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt">
                            <p class="MsoNormal">Thanks Jean<br>
                              <br>
                              We are in the process of translating
                              posters to as many languages as possible
                              as these can help in sharp and quick
                              communication. We will share these with
                              you as well.<br>
                              <br>
                              regards<br>
                              Guru<br>
                              <br>
                              <br>
                              On 10/08/21 7:03 am, Jean Dreze wrote:<br>
                              <br>
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                              <p>Dear Guru: Thanks for this and other
                                mails. I am up to my ears right now with
                                the field survey (until 22 August), but
                                I will catch up as soon as possible. We
                                will definitely help with media for one
                                thing.</p>
                              <p>More asap,</p>
                              <p>Jean</p>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">On 06-08-2021
                                  15:41, Guru wrote:</p>
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                                style="margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt">
                                <pre>Dear Jean</pre>
                                <pre> </pre>
                                <pre>I am attaching the posters that  my colleague made in our Karnataka</pre>
                                <pre>'Open Schools' campaign</pre>
                                <pre> </pre>
                                <pre>The campaign included a street protest, media articles, few press</pre>
                                <pre>releases which were reported in local papers. It may have helped a bit -</pre>
                                <pre>the Karnataka Govt kept high schools open Jan-March 2021.</pre>
                                <pre>Through the State SMC Federation, Niranjan and others also organized</pre>
                                <pre>district level protest meetings on school opening. A PIL was also put up</pre>
                                <pre>in Karnataka High Court  on both opening schools and providing mid day</pre>
                                <pre>meals. The CJ was sympathetic but  did not give a firm directive to open</pre>
                                <pre>schools. (there is a general middle class fear psychosis)</pre>
                                <pre> </pre>
                                <pre>For this time, apart from posters, street protests, short videos</pre>
                                <pre>(children, parents, teachers) in multiple languages, social media</pre>
                                <pre>campaigns, apart from policy briefs, guidelines/toolkits for school</pre>
                                <pre>opening will be required. And the idea of the national coalition is to</pre>
                                <pre>share resources/ideas across groups working in different geographies.</pre>
                                <pre> </pre>
                                <pre>regards,</pre>
                                <pre>Guru</pre>
                                <pre> </pre>
                                <pre><a href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2021/mar/19/midday-meals-as-crucial-as-classes-survey-2278502.html" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2021/mar/19/midday-meals-as-crucial-as-classes-survey-2278502.html</a></pre>
                                <pre><a href="https://itforchange.net/press-release-open-all-schools-and-all-classes-local-hygiene-precautions" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://itforchange.net/press-release-open-all-schools-and-all-classes-local-hygiene-precautions</a></pre>
                                <pre><a href="https://itforchange.net/press-release-open-all-primary-schools-now-to-avoid-a-learning-crisis" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://itforchange.net/press-release-open-all-primary-schools-now-to-avoid-a-learning-crisis</a></pre>
                                <pre> </pre>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
                                  <br>
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